WEATHER ALERT
The year in review: Influential people who died in 2024
Read full article: The year in review: Influential people who died in 2024O.J. Simpson’s “trial of the century” over the 1994 killings of his ex-wife and her friend bared divisions over race and law enforcement and brought an intersection of sports, crime, entertainment and class that was hard to turn away from.
Nicaragua's Ortega proposes reform to make him and his wife 'copresidents'
Read full article: Nicaragua's Ortega proposes reform to make him and his wife 'copresidents'Nicaragua’s President Daniel Ortega is proposing a constitutional reform that would officially make him and his wife, current Vice President Rosario Murillo, “copresidents” of the Central American nation.
Humberto Ortega, Nicaragua's ex-military chief who later turned critic of his brother, dies at 77
Read full article: Humberto Ortega, Nicaragua's ex-military chief who later turned critic of his brother, dies at 77Nicaraguan guerrilla fighter Humberto Ortega, a Sandinista defense minister who later in life became a critic of his older brother President Daniel Ortega, has died at age 77.
Their churches no longer feel safe. Now Nicaraguans are taking their worship home
Read full article: Their churches no longer feel safe. Now Nicaraguans are taking their worship homeAs President Daniel Ortega has moved aggressively to silence critics of his administration in Nicaragua, faith leaders have denounced their surveillance, harassment and threats at the hands of the state.
Nicaragua closes US Chamber of Commerce and 150 other organizations
Read full article: Nicaragua closes US Chamber of Commerce and 150 other organizationsNicaragua’s government has closed another 151 nongovernmental organizations, among them some of the most important trade organizations, including the American Chamber of Commerce.
Brazil expels Nicaraguan ambassador in retaliation as rift between leaders grows
Read full article: Brazil expels Nicaraguan ambassador in retaliation as rift between leaders growsBrazil’s government has kicked out Nicaragua’s ambassador to the nation in retaliation for a similar move by the Central American country’s President Daniel Ortega.
UN experts accuse Nicaragua's government of abuses 'tantamount to crimes against humanity'
Read full article: UN experts accuse Nicaragua's government of abuses 'tantamount to crimes against humanity'A panel of U_N_-backed human rights experts has accused Nicaragua’s government of committing “serious systematic human rights violations, tantamount to crimes against humanity.”.
Nicaragua's crackdown on Catholic Church spreads fear among the faithful, there and in exile
Read full article: Nicaragua's crackdown on Catholic Church spreads fear among the faithful, there and in exileNineteen priests kicked out of the country, dozens of incidents of harassment and church desecrations, rural areas lacking worship and social services.
A last sticking point in border security negotiations is humanitarian parole. Here's what that means
Read full article: A last sticking point in border security negotiations is humanitarian parole. Here's what that meansPresident Joe Biden is closing in on a Senate deal on border security and Ukraine funding as the White House tries to resolve one of the last major sticking points in the talks.
Nicaraguan Bishop Rolando Álvarez and 18 priests arrive in Rome from prison, guests of Vatican
Read full article: Nicaraguan Bishop Rolando Álvarez and 18 priests arrive in Rome from prison, guests of VaticanThe Vatican says Nicaraguan Bishop Rolando Álvarez and 18 Catholic clergy members from the Latin American country have arrived in Rome and are guests of the Holy See.
Police charge director of Miss Nicaragua pageant with running 'beauty queen coup' plot
Read full article: Police charge director of Miss Nicaragua pageant with running 'beauty queen coup' plotNicaraguan police say they want to arrest the director of the Miss Nicaragua pageant, accusing her of intentionally rigging contests so that anti-government beauty queens would win the pageants as part of a plot to overthrow the government.
A new study says about half of Nicaragua's population wants to emigrate
Read full article: A new study says about half of Nicaragua's population wants to emigrateA new study says that about half of Nicaragua's population of 6.2 million want to leave their homeland because of a mix of economic decline and repression from President Daniel Ortega's government.
Nicaragua's Miss Universe title win exposes deep political divide in the Central American country
Read full article: Nicaragua's Miss Universe title win exposes deep political divide in the Central American countryNicaragua’s increasingly isolated and repressive government thought it had scored a rare public relations victory last week when Miss Nicaragua Sheynnis Palacios won the Miss Universe competition.
Nicaragua’s exiled clergy and faithful in Miami keep up struggle for human rights at Mass
Read full article: Nicaragua’s exiled clergy and faithful in Miami keep up struggle for human rights at MassFor the auxiliary bishop of Managua, fellow priests and many in the pews who have had to flee or were exiled from Nicaragua recently, the Sunday afternoon Mass at a Miami parish is not only a way to find solace in community.
Alumni grieve for Jesuit-run university seized by Nicaraguan government that transformed their lives
Read full article: Alumni grieve for Jesuit-run university seized by Nicaraguan government that transformed their livesThe government of President Daniel Ortega described the Jesuit-run University of Central America in Nicaragua as a “center of terrorism” and seized its property, buildings and bank accounts on August 16.
Nicaraguan government seizes highly regarded university from Jesuits
Read full article: Nicaraguan government seizes highly regarded university from JesuitsThe Jesuits say Nicaragua's government has confiscated the University of Central America in Nicaragua, which is one of the region’s most highly regarded colleges.
New ferry linking El Salvador and Costa Rica aims to cut shipping times, avoid border problems
Read full article: New ferry linking El Salvador and Costa Rica aims to cut shipping times, avoid border problemsA new ferry line for commerce moving through Central America began operating Thursday, directly connecting El Salvador and Costa Rica to the exclusion of Nicaragua and Honduras.
A wave of political turbulence is rolling through Guatemala and other Central American countries
Read full article: A wave of political turbulence is rolling through Guatemala and other Central American countriesCentral America is experiencing a wave of unrest that is remarkable even for a region whose history is riddled with turbulence.
Brazil's president offers to try to win release of bishop imprisoned in Nicaragua
Read full article: Brazil's president offers to try to win release of bishop imprisoned in NicaraguaBrazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva is offering to help try to gain the release of a Roman Catholic bishop imprisoned in Nicaragua.
Iran president rails against US sanctions during visit to Nicaragua
Read full article: Iran president rails against US sanctions during visit to NicaraguaIn his first visit to Latin America, Iran’s hardline president has met with his Nicaraguan counterpart and railed against a theme both leaders have in common: U.S. sanctions.
In Nicaragua, Holy Week celebrations limited by government
Read full article: In Nicaragua, Holy Week celebrations limited by governmentRoman Catholics in Nicaragua have had to hold traditional “Stations of the Cross” and other Holy Week processions on church grounds or inside the churches amid a ban on public demonstrations.
Nicaragua proposes suspending Vatican ties after comments
Read full article: Nicaragua proposes suspending Vatican ties after commentsNicaragua ’s government says it has proposed suspending relations with the Vatican days after Pope Francis compared President Daniel Ortega’s administration to a communist or Nazi dictatorship amid a crackdown on the Catholic Church in the country.
Fear, anxiety follow Nicaraguan faith leaders into exile
Read full article: Fear, anxiety follow Nicaraguan faith leaders into exileDozens of priests, nuns, seminarians and church workers have fled Nicaragua in recent years, or been exiled by President Daniel Ortega’s government, which considers them a threat.
Fleeing Nicaraguans a boon to economy back home
Read full article: Fleeing Nicaraguans a boon to economy back homeRemittances to Nicaraguans sent home last year surged 50%, a massive jump that analysts say is directly related to the thousands of Nicaraguans who emigrated to the U.S. in the past two years.
Nicaragua's vote to strip opponents of citizenship
Read full article: Nicaragua's vote to strip opponents of citizenshipNicaraguan President Daniel Ortega has sent 222 political leaders, priests, students, activists and other dissidents to the United States, whose release was long demanded by the international community.
Pope worried about Nicaraguan bishop sentenced to 26 years
Read full article: Pope worried about Nicaraguan bishop sentenced to 26 yearsPope Francis on Sunday expressed sadness and worry at the news that Roman Catholic Bishop Rolando Álvarez, an outspoken critic of the Nicaraguan government, had been sentenced to 26 years in prison in the latest move against the Catholic Church and government opponents.
Nicaraguan bishop who refused exile gets 26 years in prison
Read full article: Nicaraguan bishop who refused exile gets 26 years in prisonRoman Catholic Bishop Rolando Álvarez, an outspoken critic of Nicaragua’s government, has been sentenced to 26 years in prison and stripped of his Nicaraguan citizenship, the latest move by President Daniel Ortega against the Catholic church and his opponents.
Nicaragua frees 222 opponents of Ortega, sends them to US
Read full article: Nicaragua frees 222 opponents of Ortega, sends them to USPresident Joe Biden says he is happy 222 Nicaraguan prisoners sent to the U.S. have been released, but time will tell if the move signifies a real change in Nicaraguan policies.
Sandinistas complete their political domination of Nicaragua
Read full article: Sandinistas complete their political domination of NicaraguaNicaragua’s Sandinista National Liberation Front has completed its political domination of the country by winning local elections decried as unfair in all 153 of the country’s municipalities.
Biden targets Nicaragua's gold in new move against Ortega
Read full article: Biden targets Nicaragua's gold in new move against OrtegaThe Biden administration is ratcheting up pressure on President Daniel Ortega’s authoritarian rule in Nicaragua, banning Americans from doing business in the nation’s gold industry, threatening trade restrictions and stripping the U.S. visas of some 500 government insiders.
Argentine judge launches probe into Nicaragua abuse claims
Read full article: Argentine judge launches probe into Nicaragua abuse claimsA judge in Argentina has launched a criminal investigation into Nicaragua’s President Daniel Ortega and Vice President Rosario María Murillo to determine whether they are responsible for crimes against humanity.
Nicaragua charging exiled opponents' relatives
Read full article: Nicaragua charging exiled opponents' relativesExiled Nicaraguan economist Javier Álvarez received terrible news this week: his wife, daughter and son-in-law, jailed three weeks ago by the government of President Daniel Ortega, had been formally charged with serious crimes back in Nicaragua.
Pope: Vatican seeks talks on Nicaragua's Catholic crackdown
Read full article: Pope: Vatican seeks talks on Nicaragua's Catholic crackdownPope Francis says the Vatican is in contact with the Nicaraguan government about its crackdown on the Catholic Church and hoped that “at the very least” nuns from Mother Teresa’s Sisters of Charity religious order would be allowed to return to the country.
Fleeing Nicaraguans strain Costa Rica's asylum system
Read full article: Fleeing Nicaraguans strain Costa Rica's asylum systemSince the summer of 2021, when Nicaragua President Daniel Ortega locked up dozens of political opponents ahead of November’s presidential elections, Nicaraguans have been seeking asylum in Costa Rica at the highest levels since Nicaragua’s political crisis exploded in April 2018.
Concern that Nicaragua repression could be "model" in region
Read full article: Concern that Nicaragua repression could be "model" in regionNicaragua President Daniel Ortega’s government has closed seven radio stations this week owned by the Roman Catholic church, as well as two other outlets serving the largely rural northern area with a history of opposition.
Nicaragua finally shows off a dissident a year after arrest
Read full article: Nicaragua finally shows off a dissident a year after arrestThe wife of Nicaraguan political activist Félix Maradiaga told journalists her husband had lost more than 65 pounds during his year in prison and she feared for his health.
Nicaragua government takes over five opposition-held towns
Read full article: Nicaragua government takes over five opposition-held townsNicaraguan riot police have taken over the city halls of five municipalities that had been in the hands of an opposition party, four months before scheduled municipal elections.
US sanctions Nicaraguan gold mining firm over ties to Russia
Read full article: US sanctions Nicaraguan gold mining firm over ties to RussiaThe U.S. has imposed sanctions on Nicaragua’s state-owned gold mining company and the president of its board of directors partly over the Central American nation’s ties to Russia.
Nicaragua authorizes entry of Russian troops, planes, ships
Read full article: Nicaragua authorizes entry of Russian troops, planes, shipsThe government of Nicaraguan President Daniel Ortega has authorized Russian troops, planes and ships to deploy to Nicaragua for purposes of training, law enforcement or emergency response.
Nicaragua government laying waste to civil society
Read full article: Nicaragua government laying waste to civil societyNicaragua’s Sandinista-controlled congress has cancelled nearly 200 nongovernmental organizations this week, ranging from a local equestrian group to the 94-year-old Nicaraguan Academy of Letters, in what critics say is President Daniel Ortega’s attempt to eliminate the country’s civil society.
Nicaraguan bishop fasts to protest police harassment
Read full article: Nicaraguan bishop fasts to protest police harassmentA Roman Catholic bishop in Nicaragua has begun an “indefinite fast” inside a church to protest increasing harassment from national police, who he said followed him throughout the entire previous day.
Nicaragua tightens grip on universities to stifle dissent
Read full article: Nicaragua tightens grip on universities to stifle dissentFour years after university students led protests against Nicaragua President Daniel Ortega’s government, his administration is minimizing the chance of a reoccurrence by seizing a dozen private universities and closing them or shifting control to the state.
US mulls booting Nicaragua from trade pact over crackdown
Read full article: US mulls booting Nicaragua from trade pact over crackdownThe Biden administration is considering trying to expel Nicaragua from a lucrative regional free trade pact to retaliate against President Daniel Ortega’s crackdown on his opponents.
Putin hosts leader of Brazil for talks amid Ukraine crisis
Read full article: Putin hosts leader of Brazil for talks amid Ukraine crisisRussian President Vladimir Putin has hosted his Brazilian counterpart Jair Bolsonaro for talks in Moscow and hailed ties between the two countries, which he described as “friendship and mutual understanding.”.
Hugo Torres, Nicaragua ex-rebel leader Ortega jailed, dies
Read full article: Hugo Torres, Nicaragua ex-rebel leader Ortega jailed, diesRelatives in Nicaragua say a former Sandinista guerrilla leader who once led a raid that helped free then rebel and now President Daniel Ortega from prison has died.
Argentina protests Iranian suspect at Nicaragua event
Read full article: Argentina protests Iranian suspect at Nicaragua eventThe presence of a senior Iranian official at the investiture of Nicaragua’s president has angered Argentina, which alleges the official was involved in the 1994 bombing of a Jewish center in Buenos Aires that killed 85 people.
Ortega sworn in for 4th straight term as Nicaragua's leader
Read full article: Ortega sworn in for 4th straight term as Nicaragua's leaderNicaragua President Daniel Ortega has been sworn in for a fourth consecutive term following elections considered rigged and on a day marked by sanctions from the United States and European Union against members of his government.
Mexico overhauls handling of migrants to release pressure
Read full article: Mexico overhauls handling of migrants to release pressureBenjamín Villalta, a 39-year-old Nicaraguan, couldn’t believe that a Mexican immigration office would open in the middle of the night to give him and some 40 other migrants humanitarian visas that would allow them to move about Mexico and work.
Nicaragua's Ortega leads in vote tally after jailing rivals
Read full article: Nicaragua's Ortega leads in vote tally after jailing rivalsA day after questioned elections, Nicaraguan President Daniel Ortega’s government has set about painting as a historic democratic victory what many of the world’s democracies condemned as a sham.
Nicaragua's Ortega seeks re-election in questioned vote
Read full article: Nicaragua's Ortega seeks re-election in questioned voteNicaraguan President Daniel Ortega is seeking a fourth consecutive term as voting begins in elections against a field of little-known candidates while those who could have given him a real challenge sit in jail.
2,000 migrants continue trek through southern Mexico
Read full article: 2,000 migrants continue trek through southern MexicoMore than 2,000 mostly Central American migrants were walking along a highway in southern Mexico toward the town of Huixtla where security forces had deployed, possibly signaling that authorities would soon try to break up the group.
Nicaraguan writer Sergio Ramirez to live in exile in Spain
Read full article: Nicaraguan writer Sergio Ramirez to live in exile in SpainWriter and former Nicaraguan Vice President Sergio Ramírez says he will live in exile in Spain, after the government of President Daniel Ortega tried to arrest him and banned his latest book.
US restricts more visas for Nicaraguans close to government
Read full article: US restricts more visas for Nicaraguans close to governmentThe United States has slapped visa restrictions on 50 immediate family members of Nicaraguan officials who have been involved in or benefited from President Daniel Ortega’s growing repression.
EU slaps sanctions on Nicaraguan first lady, 7 others
Read full article: EU slaps sanctions on Nicaraguan first lady, 7 othersThe European Union is slapping sanctions on Nicaraguan first lady and Vice-President Rosario Murillo and seven other senior officials accused of serious human rights violations or undermining democracy.
Nicaragua arrests 6 more opposition figures; EU weighs move
Read full article: Nicaragua arrests 6 more opposition figures; EU weighs moveNicaraguan police arrested a half dozen more opposition figures, including the sixth presidential hopeful to have been arrested in a crackdown that started last month.
Loved and decried, El Salvador's populist leader is defiant
Read full article: Loved and decried, El Salvador's populist leader is defiantIn El Salvador, most are not bothered by President Nayib Bukele’s dictatorial maneuvers -- sending armed troops into congress to coerce a vote, or ousting independent judges from the country’s highest court, paving the way to control all branches of government.
Writer says opposition should sit out Nicaragua elections
Read full article: Writer says opposition should sit out Nicaragua electionsWriter and former Nicaraguan Vice President Sergio Ramírez says that there is “zero possibility” of holding free elections in Nicaragua Nov. 7 and that opposition forces who participate would only be “legitimizing” President Daniel Ortega’s re-election.
Nicaraguan government pursues NGO in widening crackdown
Read full article: Nicaraguan government pursues NGO in widening crackdownNicaraguan authorities have ordered the capture of a former education minister and a businessman as the government’s crackdown continued to expand beyond leaders of the political opposition.
US calls on Nicaragua to free opposition figure Chamorro
Read full article: US calls on Nicaragua to free opposition figure ChamorroThe U.S. State Department has called on Nicaragua to free opposition figure Cristiana Chamorro, who is being held incommunicado at her home after her laptops and cellphones were taken away.
US urging Central America to tackle poverty, corruption
Read full article: US urging Central America to tackle poverty, corruptionU.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken is trying to entice Central American nations to tackle the corruption and poverty that have helped drive a surge of migrants to the U.S.-Mexico border and presented an early challenge for the Biden administration.
Nicaragua creates Ministry of Extraterrestrial Space Affairs
Read full article: Nicaragua creates Ministry of Extraterrestrial Space AffairsFILE - In this Sept. 5, 2018 file photo, Nicaragua's President Daniel Ortega and his wife and Vice President Rosario Murillo, lead a rally in Managua, Nicaragua. The Central American country has created a National Ministry for Extraterrestrial Space Affairs, The Moon and Other Celestial Bodies. (AP Photo/Alfredo Zuniga, File)MANAGUA – Nicaragua has created a new National Ministry for Extraterrestrial Space Affairs, The Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, which is drawing amused reactions on social media in a nation that has been struggling since anti-government protests three years ago. The agency was approved by 76 legislators Wednesday in the country’s congress, which is dominated by President Daniel Ortega’s Sandinista Party. Critics said the country does not have the money to spare for dreams of space exploration.
Nicaragua approves Russian COVID-19 vaccine
Read full article: Nicaragua approves Russian COVID-19 vaccineA nurse shows to the press a vial of Russia's Sputnik V vaccine for COVID-19 during a vaccination campaign inside River Plate stadium in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Tuesday, Feb. 2, 2021. (AP Photo/Natacha Pisarenko)MANAGUA – Nicaragua’s government said Wednesday that it had approved Russia’s Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use. “Nicaragua is advancing in its negotiations with Russia to supply” the vaccine, said the government outlet El 19 Digital. It was the first vaccine approved in Nicaragua, which still awaits its first doses. Argentina, Bolivia and Venezuela are among other left-leaning governments in the hemisphere that have approved the vaccine.
Ex-foreign correspondent reflects on risks for US reporters
Read full article: Ex-foreign correspondent reflects on risks for US reportersThere is increasing concern for the safety of journalists covering protests at state capitals across the U.S., and in Washington. This week, now as a reporter in Oregon, I attended virtual training by the state police on what to do if there's a shooting rampage in the Oregon Capitol. The Legislature’s leadership, for the first time, included journalists in the training after several were assaulted by rioters outside the state Capitol in December. What has happened at the Oregon Capitol is a clear example of how those divisions have become sharper and more bitter. Until last year, protests at the marble-sheathed state Capitol had been relatively mild.
Nicaragua essentially bans opposition from 2021 elections
Read full article: Nicaragua essentially bans opposition from 2021 electionsFILE - In this May 26, 2018 file photo, the Spanish word for "Murderer" covers a mural of Nicaragua's President Daniel Ortega, as part of anti-government protests demanding his resignation in Managua, Nicaragua. (AP Photo/Esteban Felix, File)MANAGUA – Nicaragua’s ruling party-dominated Congress passed a law Monday that would essentially ban opposition candidates from running in the 2021 presidential elections. The elections are scheduled for Nov. 7, 2021, and despite term limits — which Ortega has already exceeded — the 75-year-old leader is expected to run again. Nicaragua’s two main opposition groups had announced earlier this year that they will form a coalition to compete in the 2021 race. The U.S. government says it is pressing Ortega to hold free and fair elections and respect basic rights.
Latin America's evangelical churches hard hit by pandemic
Read full article: Latin America's evangelical churches hard hit by pandemicThroughout Latin America, a traditionally Catholic region with a surging evangelical presence in nearly every country, evangelical churches have kept spreading the Gospel despite government measures meant to slow the spread of the coronavirus. In at least two countries, evangelical pastors have died in alarming numbers during the pandemic. Some have attended evangelical services in the city of Atalaia do Norte and then brought the virus to our lands," he said. In Nicaragua, evangelical churches large and small stayed open too at least at first. Back in Nicaragua, many evangelical churches have reopened, some with health precautions, like Bethel where congregants are asked to bring their own hand sanitizer.
During pandemic, Nicaraguan doctors face political pressure
Read full article: During pandemic, Nicaraguan doctors face political pressureMANAGUA Inside Nicaragua's public hospitals, the walls are plastered with political propaganda, ruling-party activists ensure no information leaks out, and doctors were once forbidden from wearing masks. The government did not respond to a request for comment on the doctors' dismissals and the allegations of repression. Doctors have confirmed the relatives' suspicions, saying hospital administrators order virus deaths be categorized otherwise to keep official numbers low. The result has been dozens of sickened medical workers and more than 70 deaths, according to a count kept by the Medical Associations of Nicaragua. He had been voluntarily treating COVID-19 patients who were turned away from hospitals in Len and Chinandega, in western Nicaragua.
Edn Pastora, Nicarguan revolutionary, dead at 83
Read full article: Edn Pastora, Nicarguan revolutionary, dead at 83Pastora, one of the most mercurial, charismatic figures of Central Americas revolutionary upheavals, has died. His son Alvaro Pastora said Tuesday, June 16, 2020 that he died at Managuas Military Hospital of respiratory failure. (AP Photo/Moises Castillo, File)MANAGUA One of the most mercurial, charismatic figures of Central America's revolutionary upheavals, Edn Pastora, died early Tuesday. Edn Atanacio Pastora Gmez was born Nov. 15, 1936, in Ciudad Daro, Nicaragua. After the protests, as rumors swirled about Ortegas health, Pastora told the press that he had recommended that the Sandinista National Liberation Front choose a successor.
Nicaraguan baseball manager fired after speaking about virus
Read full article: Nicaraguan baseball manager fired after speaking about virusDuring a May 16 game, manager Norman Cardoze Sr. and coach Carlos Aranda felt sick. Cardozes son Norman Jr., the teams star slugger, was so weak and achy he didnt play. (AP Photo/Alfredo Zuniga)MANAGUA MANAGUA, NicaraguaA Nicaraguan Hall of Fame baseball manager was fired Tuesday, days after publicly speaking about being hospitalized with COVID-19 along with his son and coach. Norman Cardoze Sr., manager of the San Fernando Beasts, was not given a reason for his firing, but his wife Ftima Ruiz said the family suspects it was because they spoke out about being infected with the virus. Cardoze Sr. described the horror of watching people essentially suffocate before his eyes and seeing their bodies wrapped in plastic and removed.
A death in Nicaraguan baseball puts pandemic in public eye
Read full article: A death in Nicaraguan baseball puts pandemic in public eyeA man watches a professional baseball game between Boer de Managua and Flecheros de Matagalpa at Dennis Martinez stadium in Managua, Nicaragua, Saturday, April 25, 2020. Then, during a May 16 game in the capital, Managua, manager Norman Cardoze Sr. and coach Carlos Aranda felt sick. Cardozes son Norman Jr., the teams star slugger, was so weak and achy he didnt play. The Cardoze father and son, who tested positive for the virus, spent a week in the hospital. Were like the circus clowns, while a ton of people without heart or conscience are risking the lives of the players and the fans, Carlos Aranda Sr. said.