Outraged Democrats warned that time is wasting on GOP infighting as the virus worsens, jobless aid expires and the death toll rises.
Plans shifted after Trump was forced to abandon his push for a payroll tax break, which his party opposed, and the White House turned to the new priorities.
One sticking point for Republicans trying to resolve their differences with the White House is how to cut the $600 weekly jobless benefit boost that is expiring.
An administration official granted anonymity to discuss the private talks said the White House viewed the Senate GOP's proposal as too cumbersome and the $200 boost as too high.
Next steps are uncertain after days of closed-door GOP negotiations at the Capitol with top White House officials, Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin and Mark Meadows, the White House chief of staff.